40 vocab
40 Vocabulary in Chemistry
1. Element
An element is a substance consisting of atoms which all have the same number of protons - i.e. the same atomic number. Elements are chemically the simplest substances and hence cannot be broken down using chemical methods. Elements can only be changed into other elements using nuclear methods.
2. Atom
An atom is the smallest unit of matter that has the properties of an element. It is composed of a dense core called the nucleus and a series of outer shells occupied by orbiting electrons. The nucleus, composed of protons and neutrons, is at the center of an atom.
3. Synthesis Reaction
A synthesis reaction or direct combination reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which two or more simple substances combine to form a more complex product. The reactants may be elements or compounds. The product is always a compound.
4. Molecul
A molecule is the smallest particle in a chemical element or compound that has the chemical properties of that element or compound. Molecules are made up of atoms that are held together by chemical bonds. These bonds form as a result of the sharing or exchange of electrons among atoms.
5.Redox
An oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction is a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species. An oxidation-reduction reaction is any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron.
6.alkaline
Calorimetry is the study of heat flow. Calorimetry may be used to find the heat of reaction of two compounds or the heat of combustion of a compound, for example.
17. Carboxylic acid
A carboxylic acid is an organic molecule containing a -COOH group. An example of a carboxylic acid is acetic acid.
18. Catalyst
A catalyst is a substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction or speeds it up without being consumed by the reaction. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts for biochemical reactions.
19. Cathode
A cathode is the electrode which gains electrons or is reduced. In other words, it is where reduction occurs in an electrochemical cell.
20. Chemical equation
A chemical equation is a description of a chemical reaction, including what reacts, what is produced, and which direction(s) the reaction proceeds.
21. Chemical property
A chemical property is a property that can only be observed when a chemical change occurs. Flammability is an example of a chemical property, since you can't measure how flammable a substance is without igniting it (making/breaking chemical bonds).
22. Covalent bond
A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed when two atoms share two electrons.
23. Critical mass
Critical mass is the minimum quantity of radioactive material needed to cause a nuclear chain reaction.
24. Critical point
The critical point is the endpoint of the liquid-vapor line in a phase diagram, past which a supercritical liquid forms. At the critical point, the liquid and vapor phases become indistinguishable from one another.
25. Crystal
A crystal is an ordered, repeating three-dimensional pattern of ions, atoms, or molecules. Most crystals are ionic solids, although other forms of crystals exist.
26. Buoyancy
Ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it.
27.Buffer
A liquid that resists change in pH when an acid or base is added. A buffer consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base. An example of a buffer is acetic acid and sodium acetate.
28. Base
A base is a compound that produces OH- ions or electrons in water or that accepts protons. An example of a common base is sodium hydroxide, NaOH.
29. Colloid
Type of mixture with particles that are larger than those in solutions, but not heavy enough to settle out.
30. Coeffecients
Numbers in front of each substance in a equation.
31. Compound
A substance in which the atoms of 2 or more elements are combined.
32. Combustion Reaction
Substance reacts with oxygen to make heat and light.
Spreading of particles throughout a given volume until they are distributed.
35. Diatomic Molecule
Consists of 2 atoms of the same element in a covalent compound.
36. Double Displacement Reaction
Two elements replace another to make a product.
37. Denature
There are two common meanings for this in chemistry. First, it can refer to any process used to make ethanol unfit for consumption (denatured alcohol). Second, denaturing can mean breaking down the three-dimensional structure of a molecule, such as a protein is denatured when exposed to heat.
38. Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.
39. Ionic Bond
Force of attraction between opposite charges.
40. Kinetic Theory
Explanation of how particles in matter behave.
1. Element
An element is a substance consisting of atoms which all have the same number of protons - i.e. the same atomic number. Elements are chemically the simplest substances and hence cannot be broken down using chemical methods. Elements can only be changed into other elements using nuclear methods.
2. Atom
An atom is the smallest unit of matter that has the properties of an element. It is composed of a dense core called the nucleus and a series of outer shells occupied by orbiting electrons. The nucleus, composed of protons and neutrons, is at the center of an atom.
3. Synthesis Reaction
A synthesis reaction or direct combination reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which two or more simple substances combine to form a more complex product. The reactants may be elements or compounds. The product is always a compound.
4. Molecul
A molecule is the smallest particle in a chemical element or compound that has the chemical properties of that element or compound. Molecules are made up of atoms that are held together by chemical bonds. These bonds form as a result of the sharing or exchange of electrons among atoms.
5.Redox
An oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction is a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species. An oxidation-reduction reaction is any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron.
6.alkaline
In chemistry,
an alkali (/ˈælkəlaɪ/; from Arabic: al-qaly القلي, القالي , “ashes of
the saltwort”) is a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal chemical
element. An alkali also can be defined as a base that dissolves in
water. A solution of a soluble base has a pH greater than 7.0.
7. exothermic
Exothermic describes a process that gives off heat.
16. Calorimetry Exothermic describes a process that gives off heat.
8. kinetic energy
9. ketone
A ketone is a molecule that contains a R-CO-R' functional group. An example of
a common ketone is acetone (dimethyl ketone).
10. ligand
A ligand is a molecule or ion stuck to the central atom in a complex.
Examples of common ligands include water, carbon monoxide, and ammonia.
11. resonance structure
Resonance structures are the set of Lewis structures that
can be drawn for a molecule when it has delocalized electrons.
12. reversible reaction
A reversible reaction is a chemical reactionwhich
can go both ways: reactants make products and products make reactants.
13. sublimation
Sublimation is when a solid changes directly into a gas. At atmospheric
pressure, dry ice or solid carbon dioxide goes directly into carbon dioxide vapor, never
becoming liquid carbon dioxide.
14. synthesis
15. titration
Titration is a procedure in which the concentration of an acid or base is
determined by measuring how much base or acid is required to neutralize it.
Calorimetry is the study of heat flow. Calorimetry may be used to find the heat of reaction of two compounds or the heat of combustion of a compound, for example.
17. Carboxylic acid
A carboxylic acid is an organic molecule containing a -COOH group. An example of a carboxylic acid is acetic acid.
18. Catalyst
A catalyst is a substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction or speeds it up without being consumed by the reaction. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts for biochemical reactions.
19. Cathode
A cathode is the electrode which gains electrons or is reduced. In other words, it is where reduction occurs in an electrochemical cell.
20. Chemical equation
A chemical equation is a description of a chemical reaction, including what reacts, what is produced, and which direction(s) the reaction proceeds.
21. Chemical property
A chemical property is a property that can only be observed when a chemical change occurs. Flammability is an example of a chemical property, since you can't measure how flammable a substance is without igniting it (making/breaking chemical bonds).
22. Covalent bond
A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed when two atoms share two electrons.
23. Critical mass
Critical mass is the minimum quantity of radioactive material needed to cause a nuclear chain reaction.
24. Critical point
The critical point is the endpoint of the liquid-vapor line in a phase diagram, past which a supercritical liquid forms. At the critical point, the liquid and vapor phases become indistinguishable from one another.
25. Crystal
A crystal is an ordered, repeating three-dimensional pattern of ions, atoms, or molecules. Most crystals are ionic solids, although other forms of crystals exist.
26. Buoyancy
Ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it.
27.Buffer
A liquid that resists change in pH when an acid or base is added. A buffer consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base. An example of a buffer is acetic acid and sodium acetate.
28. Base
A base is a compound that produces OH- ions or electrons in water or that accepts protons. An example of a common base is sodium hydroxide, NaOH.
29. Colloid
Type of mixture with particles that are larger than those in solutions, but not heavy enough to settle out.
30. Coeffecients
Numbers in front of each substance in a equation.
31. Compound
A substance in which the atoms of 2 or more elements are combined.
32. Combustion Reaction
Substance reacts with oxygen to make heat and light.
33. Distillation
A process for separating substances
by evaporating a liquid and recondensing its vapor.
34. DiffusionSpreading of particles throughout a given volume until they are distributed.
35. Diatomic Molecule
Consists of 2 atoms of the same element in a covalent compound.
36. Double Displacement Reaction
Two elements replace another to make a product.
37. Denature
There are two common meanings for this in chemistry. First, it can refer to any process used to make ethanol unfit for consumption (denatured alcohol). Second, denaturing can mean breaking down the three-dimensional structure of a molecule, such as a protein is denatured when exposed to heat.
38. Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.
39. Ionic Bond
Force of attraction between opposite charges.
40. Kinetic Theory
Explanation of how particles in matter behave.
Hi nurr. could yo give me example of ketone and ligand?
BalasHapusExample of katone : acetone, a common solvent; oxaloacetate, an intermediate in the metabolism of sugars; acetylacetone in its (mono) enol form (the enol highlighted in blue); cyclohexanone, precursor to nylon; muscone, an animal scent; and tetracycline, an antibiotic.
HapusExample of ligand : Cl, NH3, H2O
could you explain to me about denature??
BalasHapusDenature is a there are two common meanings for this in chemistry. First, it can refer to any process used to make ethanol unfit for consumption (denatured alcohol). Second, denaturing can mean breaking down the three-dimensional structure of a molecule, such as a protein is denatured when exposed to heat.
BalasHapusGive me an example of ionic bond!
BalasHapusNaCl,MgO,CaCl,etc
HapusCould you gime some examples about chemical equation?
BalasHapus6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 (balanced equation for photosynthesis)
Hapus6 carbon dioxide + 6 water yields 1 glucose + 6 oxygen
2 AgI + Na2S → Ag2S + 2 NaI
2 silver iodide + 1 sodium sulfide yields 1 silver sulfide + 2 sodium iodide
what is bouyancy meaning?
BalasHapusBouyancy is an upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object
HapusWhat is the meaning or contents of kinetic theory?
BalasHapusIn hot objects,the particles move faster and therefore have more energy than the particles in the cooler thing
HapusGive me the nature of colloids?
BalasHapus1. Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by colloid particles.
Hapus2. Brownian motion is the movement of colloid particles with a straight path and a random direction.
3. Adsorption is the event of charge absorption by the surface of colloid particles.