Clasification of matter

Element
Necessary human material for various purposes. Material classified as single substances and mixtures. Single agent includes elements and compounds. While the mixture includes a mixture homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. The element is a single substance that can not be converted back into a simpler substance, or can not be converted into other chemical substances using ordinary chemical reaction. 2005 is already known to exist 118 elements (ie 93 elements contained in natural and artificial elements 26). The number of elements still growing in accordance with the development of chemistry. Examples of elements: Carbon (C), oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H). Hydrogen is thought to be the first natural elements that exist in the universe, while the artificial elements that allegedly first made is technetium (1937). The entire artificial elements ( elements synthetic ) are radioactive.     Coat of Chemical Elements The element can not be decomposed into other more simple substances by ordinary chemical reaction. List of elements stated kind of - kind of the elements by name, symbol or atomic number. Name elements used Latin by the inventor of the first or where the discovery of the element. Latin names are used because at that time Latin was the language of science. Not naming differentiated between the natural elements found in natural and artificial elements. Some elements using language that is affected by the identity of the inventor or the discovery. Symbol elements designed to facilitate the writing of the name of the element that is the way shortened. John Dalton introduces symbols of simple elements, based on circles to describe the molecule. Now this symbol is an element used by Jons Jacob Berzelius, which is used internationally. example:   Gold is an element of gold, known by the abbreviated name of Aurum and Au.     To search for latin names and symbols of elements on the Periodic Table of Elements gold, as follows:   Rules of writing symbols of elements by Jons Jacob Berzelius are: 1.     Each element is written with one letter from the initial letters of the Latin name of the element .. 2.     The initial letters capitalized (capital). 3.     Elements - elements that have the same initial letter, then the element symbol is written by adding one letter from one of the letters behind. 4.     Adding the letter of the letter behind the initial letter is written in small letters. 5.     For element number 104 and so on, the symbol of the element is written with three letters within the meaning of the numbers on the number of the element and ending with the suffix "ium". Meaning of the numbers: 0 = nil 4 = quad 8 = oct 1 = un 5 = pent 9 = non 2 = bi 6 = hex 10 = deck 3 = tri 7 = hept How to find the Latin name and the symbol of the element iron (Ferrum) and the element with the number 114 on the periodic table of the elements are as follows: Point the cursor on the symbol of the element iron (Ferrum) and the symbol of the element with the number 114!   There are some symbols that resemble the elements but not the symbol of an element. In organic and organometallic chemistry, there is often a symbol - a symbol similar to the symbols of chemical elements. Examples of symbols that is not a symbol element Hb (hemoglobin), Me (methyl), Et (ethyl), Ph (phenyl), Pr (propyl), Bz (benzoyl), Bn (benzyl), Cy (cyclohexyl), Cp (cyclopentadiene) , Ts (tosyl groups), Tf (triflate). The smallest particle of an element called atoms. An atom are atomic nuclei (consisting of protons and neutrons) and surrounded by electrons. The atomic number of an element is the number of protons contained in the nucleus in these elements are also the same as the number of electrons in the neutral atom. The number of protons (or a different number of electrons in the neutral atom) are different then the atomic number of the element - the element is also different. Example: The number of carbon and oxygen atoms of different elements, because the element carbon has six protons number of fruit, while the oxygen atoms of 8 pieces. Atom has a mass that is expressed in atomic mass units (amu). To make it easier to learn the elements, the elements are grouped and written in the periodic table of elements. Preparation of layout elements based on similarities in character, such as melting point, boiling point, shape, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity.     Feature - Feature Elements Metals and Non Metals Elements can be divided into metals, metalloids and non-metals. Feature metal elements: 1.     Generally it is a solid, except for mercury or mercury 2.     Act as a conductor 3.     Generally the boiling point and high melting points, except mercury 4.     colored glazed   Featuremetalloid elements: 1.     "Metal" means metal, "oida" means such 2.     Metalloid element within the group can act as metals or non-metals   Featurenon-metallic elements: 1.     Generally are liquid and gas 2.     Is a non-conductor (insulator), except the shaped carbon graphite 3.     Boiling point and low melting point, except the diamond-shaped carbon which has a boiling point and a high melting point.
Compound
The chemical compound is a chemical substance formed from two or more chemical elements with a fixed composition ratio, so it has a chemical formula remains. Examples: Compounds of dihydrogen monoxide (H 2 O) each molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Compound H 2 O in everyday language known as water. If the composition ratio of a different substance, can not be called compound. This substance is a mixture of several elements or compounds. Compounds are formed through a process of mixing chemical substances, combustion or decomposition (decomposition) thermally or electrically. Properties of different compounds with the properties of its constituent elements. Example: water at room temperature in a liquid state, but its constituent elements of hydrogen and oxygen are gaseous. The compound can be either solid, liquid and gas. The compounds can break down into simpler substances. The presence or absence of compounds based on carbon bond with hydrogen, ie the organic and inorganic compounds. The organic compound is a chemical compound containing carbon bonds with molecular hydrogen (except carbides, carbonates and oxides of carbon). Examples of organic compounds: proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fatty acids, amino acids, formic acid and so on. Examples of inorganic compounds: water, carbon dioxide, alcohol, sodium chloride, carbonic acid, and others.       Some examples of compounds based on nature: 1. Acid Compounds Is a chemical compound that when dissolved in water to produce a solution with a pH less than 7. Acid is a substance that can give a proton (H +) to another substance (a substance into a base) or can receive a free electron pair of a base. The reaction between acids and bases to form salts which can be neutral, acidic or alkaline. Examples of acid: acetic acid = acetic acid (CH 3 COOH), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) contained in batteries and water batteries. Acids generally taste sour. Not recommended tasting concentrated acid because it is dangerous. Stinging when touched, especially when strong acids acid. Acid reacts violently with most metals, so corrosive to metals. In general, the acid is an electrolyte (electrically conductive). 2. Compound Bases Is a chemical compound that when dissolved in water to produce a solution with a pH greater than 7. Caustic is a strong base, eg caustic soda = = sodium hydroxide caustic soda (NaOH), caustic Postas = potassium hydroxide (KOH). A base is a substance that can release (OH - ions) in solution. In general, the base is an electrolyte (electrically conductive). Bitter taste, but is not recommended for direct tasting each chemical compound.         3. Compound Salts An ionic compound consisting of positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) Is neutral (no charged). Salts formed from the reaction of acids and bases. Salt dissolved in water is an electrolyte solution that can conduct electric current. Example: Sodium chloride = salt (NaCl).   4. Oxide Oxides formed after oxygen reacts with one of the other elements. Oxide is a chemical compound containing atoms of oxygen and other elements. The earth's crust contains many oxides. Oxide produced from the combustion of hydrocarbons which are carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2). Used to coat metal oxide that does not rust, like a thin layer of Al 2 O 3 on aluminum foil. No corrosive oxides, such as Fe 2 O 3 or iron oxide (rust).
mix
The mixture is a material consisting of two or more substances can be separated by physical processes. Feature mixture has a diverse composition and the comparison is not fixed, is formed through a process of physics, can be separated by physical processes (such as filtration, evaporation and distillation). Each component in the mixture still has a nature.   Mixed sorts Namely a mixture of homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures. 1. The mixture was homogenized Components in a homogeneous mixture has no boundary and therefore can not be distinguished on the constituent compounds. Constituent substances in a homogeneous mixture of the same nature and equal in every respect, as a same sense, the density, color and smell. Also called a homogeneous mixture solution, which consists of a solute (solute) and solvents (solvent). The amount of the solvent more than the solute. Examples of homogeneous mixture: water syrup, sugar water, brine, alloys etc. The alloy is an alloy with other metals or non-metals. Examples of alloys: brass (a mixture of copper and zinc), bronze (a mixture of copper and tin). 2. Heterogeneous mixture Component substances - constituent in mixed heterogeneous mixture is uneven, so that no part of the mix that has different properties and the real boundary. Heterogeneous mixtures: a. suspension The suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of solids with liquids or gases and solid substances are not dissolved. If ignored rather long suspension will cause a precipitate. Example: a mixture of sand with water, cough syrup, coffee water. b. Colloid Colloid is a heterogeneous mixture of two or more constituent substances, which one substance is dispersed in another substance but uneven. Example: coconut milk, dust, smoke, milk, cheese, clouds, fog, paint, margarine, oil droplets in water. In the milk contained oil droplets dispersed in water. While in margarine water droplets are dispersed in oil. The mixture can be separated into compounds - their constituent compounds, with certain physical processes. The separation process used to get two or more substances that are more pure (single agent) of a mixture of chemical compounds. This separation is necessary because many chemical compounds found in nature in a state of pure or in mixtures. Such as oil from the soil, a mixture of various types of hydrocarbons. Petroleum substances can be separated into LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) or LPG, premium, kerosene (kerosene), paraffin (wax), petroleum jelly, diesel, aviation fuel, lubricating oil and asphalt. The separation process there are two kinds, namely mechanically and chemically. The means used to separate a mixture of different homogeneous with heterogeneous mixtures. Homogeneous mixture consisting of one phase, while the heterogeneous mixture having more than one phase so that the separation using a variety of ways. Phase in a heterogeneous mixture such as: solid-solid, solid-liquid, solid-gas, liquid-liquid, liquid-gas, a mixture of gases and solid-liquid-gas.